Using "cannot" for Logical Impossibility

B2 Eiken Pre-1 Upper-intermediate

cannot + base verb / cannot be + noun, adjective, or place

Explanation

Use "cannot" when something is impossible in logic or in the situation. It is not about ability here.

In "He cannot be at home because his car is outside," "He" is the person we are talking about, "cannot be" shows the impossible idea, and "at home" is the place. The reason comes after "because." In speech, people often say "can't." Japanese often uses "〜はずがない" or "ありえない" for this meaning, and English puts that judgment in the modal verb "cannot."

Examples

  • Two plus two cannot be five. 2足す2が5であることはありません。
  • This key cannot open that door. この鍵ではあのドアは開きません。
  • She cannot be in two places at once. 彼女が同時に2か所にいることはできません。
  • He cannot be at home because his car is gone. 彼は車がなくなってしまったので、家にいることができません。
  • How can that be true? It cannot be true. どうしてそんなことが本当だと言えるのですか。そんなはずはありません。
  • If the computer has no power, it cannot start. 電源が入っていなければ、そのパソコンは起動できません。

Common Mistakes

Japanese learners often use "must not" when they mean logical impossibility. "He must not be at home because his car is gone" means prohibition, not impossibility. The correct form is "He cannot be at home because his car is gone." Another common error is adding "to" after the modal: "cannot to be" is wrong. Use the base verb: "cannot be."

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