Explanation
Use "have/get something done" when you arrange for another person or a service to do a job.
In "I had my hair cut yesterday," "I" is the person who arranged it, "my hair" is the thing affected, and "cut" is the past participle. It means someone else cut the hair for me, not that I cut it myself. Japanese often uses "〜てもらう" or "〜してもらう," so the meaning is similar, but English shows it with this structure. "Get" is usually a little more informal than "have."
"have/get something done" は、自分でその作業をするのではなく、他の人や業者にしてもらうときに使います。
"I had my hair cut yesterday." では、"I" が手配した人、"my hair" が対象、"cut" が過去分詞です。つまり「自分で髪を切った」のではなく、「髪を切ってもらった」という意味です。日本語の「〜てもらう」「〜してもらう」に近いですが、英語ではこの形で表します。"get" のほうが少しくだけた言い方です。
Examples
- I had my hair cut yesterday. 昨日、髪を切ってもらいました。
- She's getting her bike fixed now. 彼女は今、自転車を直してもらっています。
- We got our sofa delivered this morning. 今朝、ソファを配達してもらいました。
- Can you get this report printed by noon? 正午までにこのレポートを印刷してもらえますか。
- I don't want to have my phone repaired today. 今日はスマホを修理に出したくありません。
- They had the windows cleaned before the party. パーティーの前に窓を掃除してもらいました。
Common Mistakes
Japanese learners often use a normal active sentence, such as "I repaired my car by the mechanic," or the wrong verb form, such as "I had cut my hair yesterday." The correct forms are "I had my car repaired by the mechanic" and "I had my hair cut yesterday." After "have/get," use object + past participle.
日本人学習者は、ふつうの能動文を使ってしまい、「I repaired my car by the mechanic.」のように言いがちです。また「I had cut my hair yesterday.」のように、形をまちがえることもあります。正しくは「I had my car repaired by the mechanic.」「I had my hair cut yesterday.」です。"have/get" のあとには、目的語 + 過去分詞を置きます。