Past Simple Versus Past Continuous

B1 Eiken 2 Intermediate

was/were + verb-ing vs past simple

Explanation

Use past continuous for an action that was already in progress. Use past simple for a finished event or a new action.

In "While I was waiting for the bus, I saw my teacher," "was waiting" shows the longer background action, and "saw" shows the shorter event that happened during it. "While" tells us the waiting was still happening when the teacher appeared.

Japanese often uses "〜ていた" for the background action, but English also needs the right verb form to show which action is longer. If you use past simple for both parts, the meaning can become unclear.

Examples

  • I was reading a book at 8 p.m. 午後8時には本を読んでいました。
  • She was cooking when I called. 私が電話したとき、彼女は料理をしていました。
  • What were you doing at 7 o'clock? 7時には何をしていましたか。
  • I wasn't sleeping when you texted me. あなたがメッセージをくれたとき、私は寝ていませんでした。
  • While we were waiting, it started to rain. 私たちが待っている間に、雨が降り始めました。
  • They were talking when the teacher came in. 先生が入ってきたとき、彼らは話していました。

Common Mistakes

Japanese learners often use past simple for both actions, especially after "when" or "while."

Wrong: "When I got home, I cooked dinner" if the cooking was already in progress.

Right: "When I got home, I was cooking dinner."

Use past continuous for the longer background action, and past simple for the event that happens in it.

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