Explanation
Use "don't" + base verb to tell someone not to do something.
In "Don't forget your umbrella.", "don't" makes the sentence negative, "forget" is the base verb form, and "your umbrella" is what the person should remember. In English, we do not add "to" after "don't", and we do not change the verb to "forgets" or "forgetting". Japanese often says "〜しないで" or "〜しないでください", but English puts the negative before the verb: "Don't leave now."
"don't" + 動詞の原形で、「〜しないで」「〜しないでください」と相手にやめてほしいことを伝えます。
例えば "Don't forget your umbrella." では、"don't" が否定、"forget" が動詞の原形、"your umbrella" が「忘れてほしくないもの」です。英語では "don't" のあとに "to" を入れず、"forgets" や "forgetting" にもしません。日本語では「傘を忘れないで」と言いますが、英語は動詞の前に否定を置きます。
Examples
- Don't touch that. それに触らないで。
- Please don't open the window. 窓を開けないでください。
- Don't forget your umbrella. 傘を忘れないで。
- Do not run in the hall! 廊下では走らないでください！
- Don't worry about it. 気にしないで。
- Don't be late for work. 仕事に遅れないで。
Common Mistakes
Japanese learners often add "to" or use the wrong verb form, for example "Don't to forget your umbrella." or "Don't forgetting your umbrella." The correct form is "Don't forget your umbrella." because negative imperatives use "don't" + the base verb.
日本語話者は "to" を入れてしまったり、動詞の形を間違えたりしやすいです。たとえば "Don't to forget your umbrella." や "Don't forgetting your umbrella." は誤りで、正しくは "Don't forget your umbrella." です。否定命令文は "don't" のあとに動詞の原形を置きます。