Explanation
Use "did" to ask a yes-no question about the past. Put "did" first, then the subject, then the verb in the base form.
For example, "Did you call Ken last night?" Here "Did" shows past time, "you" is the subject, "call" is the base verb, and "last night" tells us when. Do not say "Did you called Ken last night?" because the verb after "did" stays plain. Japanese often says "昨夜ケンに電話した？" without a helper verb, but English needs "did". For a negative question, say "Didn't you call Ken?".
過去のことをたずねる yes-no 疑問文では "did" を使います。語順は "Did + 主語 + 動詞の原形" です。
たとえば "Did you call Ken last night?" では、"Did" が過去の質問を示し、"you" が主語、"call" が原形の動詞、"last night" が時を表します。英語では "did" を使うので、"Did you called Ken last night?" のように過去形にはしません。日本語では「昨夜ケンに電話した？」のように助動詞を入れずに言えますが、英語では "did" が必要です。否定の疑問文なら "Didn't you call Ken?" と言います。
Examples
- Did you eat breakfast? 朝ごはんを食べた？
- Did she get home safely? 彼女は無事に帰宅した？
- Did they finish the project yesterday? 彼らは昨日、そのプロジェクトを終えた？
- Did your brother call you after school? あなたのお兄さんは放課後に電話してくれた？
- Didn't you get my email this morning? 今朝、私のメール届かなかった？
- Did we miss the train because of the rain? 雨のせいで電車に乗り遅れた？
Common Mistakes
Japanese learners often say "Did you went to school?" or "Did you had lunch?" The verb after "did" must stay in the base form: "Did you go to school?" and "Did you have lunch?" Do not add a past ending after "did".
日本人学習者は "Did you went to school?" や "Did you had lunch?" のように、"did" の後に過去形を置きがちです。正しくは "Did you go to school?" と "Did you have lunch?" です。"did" 自体が過去を表すので、後ろの動詞は原形にします。